Malaria :-

• Malaria is a vector borne infectious disease that caused by protozoan parasites and it is extensive in tropical and subtropical regions.

Introduction of malaria :-

• Malaria is a widely known human disease and it is infection of plasmodium virus.
• Plasmodium virus is a protozoan parasites.
• There are two host of this disease such as primary (female anopheles) and secondary (human).
• Plasmodium virus is transmit person to person by female anopheles.
• Symptoms of this disease can appear within weeks to months or even years.
• There are four type of this disease

1. Plasmodium falciparum

• Plasmodium falciparum is very rarely found parasite.

2. Plasmodium vivax

• Mostly this parasite is caused this disease.

3. Plasmodium ovale
4. Plasmodium malariae

• These two type of this disease are less commonly found.

Symptoms of malaria :-

• High fever, sweating, headaches, nausea and vomiting are symptoms of this disease.
• Sometimes in malaria few symptoms also seen such as diarrhea, anemia, muscle pain, chillis and fatigue.

Life cycle of plasmodium :-

• The infectious stage of plasmodium parasite is sporozoite.
• Sporozoite are found in the salivary glands of female mosquitoes.
• Mosquitoes takes blood meal and released into humans blood and infect to liver cells.
• Parasites enter in heparocyte (shiznot) and thousands of merozoites are present in shiznot.
• Infected hepatocytes release about 30000 merozoites.
• And then rapidly infect to red blood cells.
• Then all blood cells are sucked by female anopheles.
• After female anopheles transfer all infected blood cell into the gut line.
• In gut line infected blood cells are combined with normal blood cells and transferred into sparozoite through salivary gland.

Diagnosis :-

• Microscopic diagnosis.
• Blood smear.
• Fluroscent microscopy.
• Antigen detection.
• Immunochromatographic dipstic (RDT).
• Using of serology.
• Also used enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA).
• Sometimes we used molecular diagnosis technique such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
• In polymerase chain reaction we used real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Cure :-

• Different drugs are used in the treatment of malaria such as clindamycin, mefloquine and deoxycycline.