Category: Molecular Biology

Vectors :- Vectors are small DNA molecule. Vectors have capability of self replicating and vectors are also carrier of a DNA fragment. Characteristics of vectors :- Vectors are important in made up of multiple copies of DNA. They have replication origin sites. They are selectable marker gene. Small in size. They have low molecular weights.

Tryptophan operon model :- Tryptophan operon is one type of operon. Tryptophan operon is cluster of genes that genes are transcribed together and produced tryptophan. Introduction of  tryptophan model :- Tryptophan operon is present in the different kind s of microorganisms but trp operon was firstly recognized in the Escherichia coli. Trp operon is discovered

Lactose operon model :- Lactose operon is a one type of operating unit. When cluster of genes located together on the chromosome and they are transcribed together its known as operating unit of lactose operon.  Introduction of lactose operon :- Clusters of genes is group of nearly linked with structure of genes and associated with

Sanger sequencing :- Sanger sequencing is a technique that used in the DNA sequencing. Sanger technique is first technique that applied in the biosystem. This method is widely used in the DNA sequencing. Introduction of sanger sequencing :- Sanger method used in the In vitro DNA replication. Sanger sequencing technique is developed by british biochemist

Maxam gilbert sequencing :- Maxam gilbert sequencing  was first method that used in the DNA sequencing. Maxam gilbert is first method to present the first generation of DNA sequencing technique. Introduction of maxam gilbert sequencing :- Maxam gilbert sequencing technique developed by allan maxam and walter gilbert in 1976. Maxam gilbert method is also known

Shot gun sequencing :- Shot gun sequencing method is normally used in sequencing of long DNA strands. DNA shot gun method is also known as shot gun cloning. Introduction of shot gun sequencing :- Shot gun method was firstly developed by J. Craig Venter in 1992. Pattern of DNA shot gun technique is quasi random

COMPLEMENTARY DNA (cDNA) LIBRARY :- Complementary DNA is a simple cloning techniques that are important in the make multiple copies of DNA. Complementary DNA technique is a one type of In-vitro technique. Complementary DNA library commonly used in the biotechnology such as expressed the gene of interest because of microorganisms may not remove introns from

MALDI-TOF AND MASS SPECTROSCOPY :- Mass important in the removal of charged atoms. Mass spectroscopy are used in the calculations of relative molecular mass of atoms. Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization is a high resolution and sensitive technique. Mass spectroscopy have require charged gaseous molecules for the analysis. ELEMENTS OF MASS SPECTROSCOPY :- MALDI –

MOLECULAR MARKERS :- Molecular markers are also known as genetic marker. It’s a fragment of DNA that is attach with location of genome. Molecular markers are mainly used in molecular biology. Molecular markers are also used in the genomics to identify a particular sequence of DNA into a group of unknown DNA. INTRODUCTION :- There

Human genome project:- Human genome project was a worlds biggest biological project. This project was international scientific research genome project. In this project scientists were described sequence of nucleotide base pair that base pair are used in made up of HG. In HG we collect all data of genes from humans. Introduction :- The idea